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template<class T> inline void read(T &k) {
    T x = 0, f = 1; 
    char ch = getchar(); 
    while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
        if (ch == '-') {
            f = -1;
        }
        ch = getchar();
    }
    while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
        x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (ch ^ 48);
        ch = getchar();
    }
    k = x * f;
}
template<class T> inline void write(T x) {
    if (x < 0) {
        putchar('-'), x = -x;
    }
    if (x > 9) {
        write(x / 10);
    }
    putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}
模版(新)
C++
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namespace fastio {
    const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 20;
    char ibuf[BUFFER_SIZE], obuf[BUFFER_SIZE], *p1 = ibuf, *p2 = ibuf;
    int pos;
    int get() {
        if (p1 == p2) {
            p1 = ibuf;
            p2 = ibuf + fread(ibuf, 1, 1 << 20, stdin);
        }
        if (p1 == p2) return EOF;
        return *p1++;
    }
    void flush() {
        fwrite(obuf, 1, pos, stdout);
        pos = 0;
    }
    template<typename T>
    void readInt(T &obj) {
        bool flag = false;
        char ch = get();
        while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
            if (ch == '-') {
                flag = true;
            }
            ch = get();
        }
        T x = 0;
        while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
            x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (ch ^ 48);
            ch = get();
        }
        obj = (flag ? -1 : 1) * x;
    }
    void put(char ch) {
        if (pos + 1 == BUFFER_SIZE) {
            flush();
        }
        obuf[pos++] = ch;
    }
    template<typename T>
    void writeInt(T x) {
        if (x < 0) put('-'), x = -x;
        if (x > 9) writeInt(x / 10);
        put(x % 10 + '0');
    }
    struct _Cin {
        template<typename T>
        _Cin& operator>>(T &obj);
    } Cin;
    template<>
    _Cin& _Cin::operator>>(int &obj) {
        readInt(obj);
        return *this;
    }
    template<>
    _Cin& _Cin::operator>>(long long &obj) {
        readInt(obj);
        return *this;
    }
    template<>
    _Cin& _Cin::operator>>(__int128 &obj) {
        readInt(obj);
        return *this;
    }
    struct _Cout { 
        _Cout() {
            pos = 0;
        }
        ~_Cout() { 
            flush(); 
        }
        template<typename T>
        _Cout& operator<<(const T obj);
    } Cout;
    template<>
    _Cout& _Cout::operator<<(const int obj) {
        writeInt(obj);
        return *this;
    }
    template<>
    _Cout& _Cout::operator<<(const long long obj) {
        writeInt(obj);
        return *this;
    }
    template<>
    _Cout& _Cout::operator<<(const __int128 obj) {
        writeInt(obj);
        return *this;
    }
    template<>
    _Cout& _Cout::operator<<(const char* str) {
        int len = strlen(str);
        if (pos + len >= BUFFER_SIZE) {
            flush();
        }
        memcpy(obuf + pos, str, len);
        pos += len;
        return *this;
    }
    template<>
    _Cout& _Cout::operator<<(const string str) {
        int len = str.size();
        if (pos + len >= BUFFER_SIZE) {
            flush();
        }
        memcpy(obuf + pos, str.c_str(), len);
        pos += len;
        return *this;
    }
};
using fastio::Cin;
using fastio::Cout;